 |
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| | | Type | Year Published |
| Holmgren, J. | Family, Marriage and Political Power in Sixth Century China: A Study of the Kao Family of Northern Ch'i, C. 520—550 | Journal Article | 1982 |
| Yang, Lien-sheng | Female rulers in ancient China | Book Section | 1992 |
| Yang, Lien-sheng | Female Rulers in Imperial China | Journal Article | 1960 |
| Doran, Rebecca Esther | Insatiable Women and Transgressive Authority: Constructions of Gender and Power in Early Tang China | Thesis | 2011 |
| Wenley, Archibald Gibson | The Grand Empress Dowager Wên Ming and the Northern Wei necropolis at Fang Shan | Book | 1947 |
| Holmgren, Jennifer | The Harem in Northern Wei politics-398/498 A.D.: A study of t'o-pa attitudes towards the institution of empress, empress-dowager, and regency governments in the Chinese dynastic system during early Northern Wei | Journal Article | 1983 |
| Holcombe, Charles | The Xianbei in Chinese History | Journal Article | 2013 |
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